四六级考试已经结束了，天津新东方校区奉上2018年6月
英语四级试题及参考答案参考（部分）。祝愿参加2018年6月英语四级考试的同学们都能取得理想的成绩。
Part I Writing (30 minutes)
（请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试）
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the importance of speaking/writing/reading ability and how to develop it. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
［参考范文］
It cannot be denied that reading plays a key role in people’s growth and development in any era. The 21th century is a time of knowledge explosion and reading ability becomes increasingly important.
How to develop reading ability? Based on this concrete and meaningful question, some steps should be taken. First and foremost, the main growth in your reading skill and ability will come from reading as much as you can do. Try to make a book list that you take interest in and make a practical plan. Just as the proverb goes that, “Don’t bite off more than one can chew.” Furthermore, a mastery of some reading skills is not only significant, but also indispensable. Some books are fit to do extensive reading while some others are suitable to do intensive reading. Meanwhile, other reading skills like skipping and skimming are also necessary.
To conclude, reading is to humans’ spiritual world what water is to fish. Only through persistent reading can we enjoy the improvement of reading ability and learning ability.
Part II Listening Comprehension (30minutes)
Section A
Directions：In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only one. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through centre.
News Report 1
Kelly escaped injury and managed to save her car after a four-foot long rat snake came out from under her car seat and slithered across her feet as she was driving down the high way. Rat snakes are poisonous or a threat to people generally. Q1: But the woman says the snake she encountered Thursday terrified her out of her wits. It was rough with big scales, said ... who was on her way to pick up her friend at the airport when it happened. I don't know whether I had my hands on the steering wheel or not. I'm not the most flexible person in the world, but I can guarantee my knees were up next to my ears. She said the snake first slithered back under the seat and she hoped it would stay there until she was able to get off the high way and stop. That didn't work out, she said. Here he comes, and he wind up in my back seat before I could finally get off the road, stop and get out of the car. Q2: She called for help and Washington county animal control officers came and captured the snake.
Q1: How did Kelly feel when she first came across the Rattlesnake?
Q2: What does the report say about the snake?
［主旨内容］
一位女士开车去机场接朋友，在她下高速的时候，一条之前藏在她座位下的毒蛇爬上她的脚,这位女士被吓得魂飞魄散。当她发现蛇在座位下的时候，她希望蛇能一直待在那里，直到她下高速停车。最后华盛顿动物控制中心来这里抓住了毒蛇。
［参考答案句］
1. But the woman says the snake she in carried firstly terrified her out of her wits. She said the snake first slipped back under the seat, and she hoped it would stay there until she was able to get off the highway and stopped.
2. She called for help and the Washington DC Animal Control Officers came and capture the snake.
News Report 2
Q3: Fast food turns out isn’t quite as fast as it used to be. A new study finds that MacDonald posted its slowest drives through times since this survey was first conducted fifteen years ago. As MacDonald’s, customers were spent on average three minutes and nine seconds from the time they placed their orders until they received their food. That's about ten seconds more than the industry average and a lot slower than a decade ago, according to the study, which was commissioned by QSR, an industry trade publication. And MacDonalds wasn’t alone in slowing down. Other chains also saw their drive through performance slowing down. Q4: Among the reasons for the slower service, today there are more choices on the menu, and the products themselves are more complex and take longer to prepare. Speed, of course, is essential to the drive through experience, and drive throughs are hugely important to chains such as MacDonalds, Burger King, and Tucle Bell. Usually, the drive through accounts for sixty to seventy percent of all business that goes through a fast food restaurant, notes Sam Ochers, editor of QSR. Of course, consumers also want their orders prepare correctly and on that score, Ochers says accuracy is still really high.
Q3: What is the news report mainly about?
Q4: What has slowed down MacDonald's drive through service?
［主旨内容］
快餐的上餐速度正在变慢。以麦当劳为例，自从15年前出现麦当劳之后，现在是有史以来上餐速度最慢的时候。现在麦当劳从下订单到拿食物的平均速度是3min9s，比之前多了10s。QSR统计，其他连锁店如汉堡王也是一样上餐速度变慢。因为食物种类更多，制作更复杂，且需要更长的时间去备餐，所以快餐连锁店的上餐速度正在变慢，但是速度和上餐的准确性对快餐店很重要。
［参考答案句］
1.Fast food turns out it isn’t quite as fast as it used to be.
2.Among the reasons for the slower service, today there are more choices on the menu and the products themselves are more complex and take longer to prepare.
News Report 3
Q5: The first private mission outside earth orbit is closed to many of our think. U.S. government officials outset to approve a mission by privately held space company-Moon Express to travel outside of the earth orbit in late 2017. Q6: Moon express’s mission involves plans to land a suitcase size package of scientific equipment on the moon for on-going exploration on commercial development. The decision involved amounts of lobbying and coordinated conversations between a number of factual agencies. On the international treaties, the US is responsible for the cargo of both public and private space craft. This makes commercial space travel a complex legal issue not just domestically but abroad . A Moon Express representative declined to comment on the story Q7: but noted that the company is very optimistic about its proposal. Moon express is not the only company seeking for the rights to travel to outerspace . Elon Musk’s space X aims to send an unmanned aircraft to Mars by 2018.
Q5: What is the news report mainly about?
Q6: What is the Moon Express planning to do?
Q7: What does Moon Express think of its mission?
［主旨内容］
Moon Express（月球捷运）是一家美国公司，长期目标是在月球采矿，是民间探月计划 。它的目的和任务是使一个手提箱大小的科学设备着陆月球，并进行商业开发的持续探索。该公司对自己的计划十分乐观。
［参考答案句］
1.The first private mission outside of the earth orbit is closed than many of our think.
2.Moon Express’s mission involves plans to land a suitcase size package of scientific equipment on the moon for on-going exploration on commercial development.
3.But noted that the company is very optimistic about it’s proposal.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from four choice marked A),B),C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter an Answer sheet 1 with a single line though the centre.
Question 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
Long conversation 1
A：Hey Sophia, how are you doing?
B: Hi, Bob. I’m good, thanks. Actually, Q8: I’m on holiday with my family in Thailand at the moment, although I wish it were with my friends instead.
A: Really? You never said you are going to Thailand. How I envy you !
B: I’ve only been in here a week, but you know Thailand is an amazing place, I’m having a great time here. In fact, I’m now lying on the beach in Phuket. I’ve been in the sun for around 15 minutes only, and I’m already getting sun burnt. Have you been here before?
A: No, I wish I had. What else have you been doing in Thailand besides enjoying the sun?
B: Well, Q9: I met a guy from Germany yesterday. He showed me around the office that he works at. Then I met many volunteer teachers who are mainly young people from Europe.
A: Ahh, that’s interesting.
B: Yes. I also made a new little friend, Sarah. She was so cute. I was so sad that we were to leave at the end of the day. If I ever come back to Thailand, I’d definitely visit this place again, as a volunteer.
A: Well, you can tell me all about it when you get back. Q10: My phone battery is almost dead now. Remember to get me something from the souvenir shops.Q10: I like to collect bits and pieces from different parts of the world. Bye now, enjoy yourself Sophia.
B: Bye.
Q8: What does the woman say she is doing now?
Q9: What did the woman do yesterday?
Q10: Why does the man have to end the conversation?
Q11: Why does the man ask the woman to bring him something from Thailand?
［主旨内容］
女生在泰国普吉岛度假晒日光浴和男生聊天，男生表现出自己十分羡慕，对话后部分女生又谈到了自己认识的新朋友，因为男生手机没电，两人结束聊天。
［参考答案句］
1.Actually, I’m on holiday with my family in Thailand at the moment.
2.Well, I met a guy from Germany yesterday.
3.Well, you can tell me all about it when you get back. My phone battery is almost dead now.
4.Remember to get me something from the souvenir shops. I like to collect bits and pieces from different parts of the world.
Question13 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
Sections C
Directions: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C),and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.
Passage 1
Q16: In today’s job market, it is now common for job seekers to send applications for many positions. That is lots of time and lots of work to organize. Certainly, you can’t wait to waste your precious hours on following the developments on the fashion, and miss the important deadlines, confuse interview times or forget to follow up a result. Accordingly, managing our work search properly is just as important as identify the job opportunities and send your applications. If you are familiar with Microsoft Excel or a similar program, creating a table is a simple and effective way to keep track your job applications. If the excel isn’t used as drinking a cup of tea, don’t be worried. You can create a table in Microsoft. Q17: Google is another tool to help you to organize your work effectively. If you have a G-mail account, you can create a safe and send tables in addition to read a document like your cover letter and resume. You can also link up with Google calendar to make sure you make top with the important dates. Clearly, there are plenty of days to keep track of search and to make efforts to simplify your job search well paid off. Q18: Nevertheless you should always focus on the quality not the quantity. Only you apply the position you are qualified for, and make each application count, personalizing each cover letters and updating your resume.
Q16.What does the speaker say about today’s jobseekers?
Q17.What kind of job do applicants can do with the help of the Google?
Q18.What does the speaker suggest the jobseekers do?
［主旨内容］
在找工作时，一个求职者同时找多个职位并不常见，因为这会花费很多时间。求职者需要有明确自己用软件搜索的能力，如EXCEL, GOOGLE, G-MAIL等。
［参考答案句］
1.In today’s job market, it is not common for job seekers to send applications for many positions.
2.Google is another tool to help you to organize your work effectively. If you have a G-mail account, you can create a safe and send tables in addition to read a document like your cover letter and resume.
3.Only you apply the position you are qualified for, and make each application count, personalizing each cover letters and updating your resume.
Questions 19 to 20 are based on the recording you have just heard.
Passage 2
Q19: Some people say if kids didn't happen to go to school, they'd all be out in the streets. My reply is no. They wouldn't. First, even as schools stay just what they are, children would spend at least some time there because that's where they would be likely to find their friends. Q20: Second, schools wouldn't stay the way they are. They'd get better. Because we would have to start making them what they ought to be right now. Last, if we give children a little help, those who did not want to go to school, could find other things to do, since many children now do during their holidays. Q21: There is something easier we could. We need to get kids out of the school buildings to give them a chance to learn about the outside world at first hand. In Philadelphia and Oregon, plans are being drawn up for public schools that won't have any school buildings at all. That will take the students out into the city and help them to use it and its people as a resource. In others words, students, perhaps in groups, perhaps independently, will go to libraries, museums, exhibitions, radios, and TV stations, meetings, businesses and laboratories to learn about their world and society at first hand. A small private school in Washington is all ready doing this. It makes sense, and we need more of it.
Q19: What are some people worried about according to the speaker?
Q20: What does the speaker think we could do for the kids who dislike school?
Q21: What does the speaker say is the easier thing we could do?
［参考答案句］
1.Some people say if the kids didn’t happen to go to school they will be go out of street.
2.Second, school wouldn’t stay where they are they get better. Because we would like to stop to making them all to be right now.
3.There is something easier we could do to we need the kids to get out of the school buildings.
Passage 3：
Before there was the written word, there was the language of dance. Dance expresses love and hate, joy and sorrow, life and death, and everything else in between, Q22: Dance in America is everywhere. We dance from Florida to Alaska, from Harison to Harison and coast to coast. We dance at weddings， birthdays, office parties or just to fill the time. Q23: "I adore dancing，" says Lester Bridges, the owner of a dance studio in a small town in Iowa. "I can't imagine doing anything else with my life. " Bridges runs dance classes for all ages. "Teaching dance is wonderful. My older students say it makes them feel young. It's marvelous to watch them. For many of them, it's a way of meeting people and having a social life. "So why do we dance？"I can tell you about one young couple，" says Bridges. Q24: "They arrive at the class in a bad mood and they leave with a smile. Dancing seems to change their mood completely."
So， do we dance in order to make ourselves feel better, calmer, healthier. Andrea Hillier, a dance teacher says, "Dance, like the pattern of a beating heart, is life. Even after all these years, I want to get better and better. I keep practicing even when I'm exhausted. I find it hard to stop! Dancing reminds me I'm alive."
Q22：What does the passage say about the dance in America？
Q23: What do we know about the Lester Bridges dance studio？
Q24: What happened to the young couple after they attended last Bridges in class？
［答案参考句］
1.Dance in America is everywhere.
2.“I adore dancing,” says Lester Bridges, the owner of a dance studio in a small town in Iowa.
3.So why do we dance? “I can tell you about one young couple,” says Bridges. “They arrive at the class in a bad mood and they leave with a smile. Dancing seems to change their mood completely.” So, do we dance in order to make ourselves feel better, calmer, healthier?
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Since the 1940s, southern California has had a reputation for smog. Things are not as bad as they once were but, according to the American Lung Association, Los Angeles is still the worst city in the United States for levels of 26 .Gazing down on the city from the Getty Center, an art museum in the Santa Monica Mountains, one would find the view of the Pacific Ocean blurred by the haze（霾）.Nor is the state’s bad air 27 to its south. Fresno, in the central valley, comes top of the list in America for year-round pollution. Residents’ hearts and lungs are affected as a 28 .
All of which, combined with California’s reputation as the home of technological 29 ,makes the place ideal for developing and testing systems designed to monitor pollution in 30 .And that is just what Aclima, a new firm in San Francisco, has been doing over the past few months. It has been trying out monitoring that are 31 to yield minute-to-minute maps of 32 air pollution. Such stations will also be able to keep an eye on what is happening inside buildings, including offices.
To this end, Aclima has been 33 with Google’s Street View system. Davida Herzl, Aclima’s boss, says they have revealed pollution highs on days when San Francisco’s transit workers went on strike and the city’s 34 were forced to use their cars. Conversely, “cycle to work” days have done their job by 35 pollution lows.
［答案］
26. M pollutants
27. N restricted
28. C consequence
29. J innovation
30. F detail
31. K intended
32. L outdoor
33. B collaborating
34. I inhabitants
35. E creating
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the question by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Section C
Direction: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statement. For each of them there are four choice and our marked A),B),C) and D).You should decide on the best choice and nark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Losing your ability to think and remember is pretty scary. We know the risk of dementia (痴呆) increases with age. But if you have memory slips, you probably needn’t worry. There are pretty clear differences between signs of dementia and age-related memory loss.
After age 50, it’s quite common to have trouble remembering the names of people, places and thing quickly, says Dr. Kirk Daffner of Brigham and Woman’s Hospital in Boston.
The brain ages just like the rest of the body. Certain parts shrink, especially areas in the brain that are important to learning, memory and planning. Changes in brain cells can affect communication between different regions of the brain. And blood flow can be reduced as blood vessels narrow.
Forgetting the name of an actor in a favorite movie, for example, is nothing to worry about. But if you forget the plot of the movie or don’t remember even seeing it, that’s far more concerning, Daffner says.
When you forget entire experiences, he says, that’s “a red flag that something more serious may be involved.” Forgetting how to operate a familiar object like a microwave oven, or forgetting how to drive to the house of a friend you’ve visited many times before can also be signs of something going wrong.
But even then, Daffner says, people shouldn’t panic.There are many things that can cause confusion and memory loss, including health problems like temporary stoppage of breathing, high blood pressure, or depression, as well as medications like antidepressants. Even over-the-counter remedies like antihistamines can contribute to memory loss.
And the best defense against memory loss is to try to prevent it by building up your brain’s cognitive (认知的) reserve, Daffner says.
“Read books, go to movies, take on new hobbies or activities that force one to think in novel ways,” he says. In other words, keep your brain busy and working. And also get physically active, because exercise is a known brain booster.
46. Why does the author say that one needn’t be concerned about memory slips?（A）
A) Not all of them are symptoms of dementia.
B) They occur only among certain groups of people.
C) Not all of them are related to one’s age.
D) They are quite common among fifty-year-olds.
47. What happens as we become aged according to the passage?（C）
A) Our interaction skills deteriorate.
B) Some parts of our brain stop functioning.
C) Communication within our brain weakens.
D) Our whole brain starts shrinking.
48. Which memory-related symptom should people take seriously?（A）
A) Totally forgetting how to do one’s daily routines.
B) Inability to recall details of one’s life experiences.
C) Failure to remember the names of movies or actors.
D) Occasionally confusing the addresses of one’s friends.
49. What should people do when signs of serious memory loss show up?（A）
A) Check the brain’s cognitive reserve.
B) Turn to a professional for assistance.
C)Stop medications affecting memory.
D) Exercise to improve their well-being.
50. What is Dr Daffner’s advice for combating memory loss?（D）
A) Having regular physical and mental checkups.
B) Taking medicine that helps boost one’s brain.
C) Engaging in known memory repair activities.
D) Staying active both physically and mentally.
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
You probably know about the Titanic, but it was actually just one of three state-of-the art (最先进的) ocean ships back in the day. The Olympic class ships were built by the Harland & Wolff ship makers in Northern Ireland for the White Star Line company. The Olympic class included the Olympic, the Britannic and the Titanic. What you may not know is that the Titanic wasn’t even the flagship of this class. All in all, the Olympic class ships were marvels of sea engineering, but they seemed cursed to suffer disastrous fates.
The Olympic launched first in 1910, followed by the Titanic in 1911, and lastly the Britannic in 1914. The ships had nine decks, and White Star Line decided to focus on marking them the most luxurious ships on the water.
Stretching 269.13 meters, the Olympic class ship were wonders of naval technology, and everyone thought that they would continue to be so for quite some time. However, all suffered terrible accidents on the open seas. The Olympic got wrecked before the Titanic did, but it was the only one survive and maintain a successful career of 24 years. The Titanic was the first to sink after famously hitting a huge iceberg in 1912. Following this disaster, the Britannic hit a naval mine in 1916 and subsequently sank as well.
Each ship was coal-powered by several boilers constantly kept running by exhausted crews below deck. Most recognizable of the ship designs are the ship's smoke stacks, but the fourth stack was actually just artistic in nature and served no functional purpose. While two of these ship sank, they were all designed with double hulls (船体) believed to make them "unsinkable", perhaps a mistaken idea that led to the Titanic's and the Britannic's tragic end.
The Olympic suffered two crashes with other ships and went on to serve as a hospital ship and troop transport in World WarⅠ. Eventually, she was taken out of service in 1935, ending the era of the luxurious Olympic class ocean liners.
51. What does the passage say about the three Olympic class ships?（C）
A) They performed marvelously on the sea.
B) They could all break the ice in their way.
C) They all experienced terrible misfortunes.
D) They were models of modern engineering.
52. What did White Star line have in mind when it purchased the three ships?（B）
A) Their capacity of sailing across all waters.
B) The utmost comfort passengers could enjoy.
C)Their ability to survive disasters of any kind.
D)The long voyages they were able to undertake.
53. What is said about the fourth stack of the ships?（A）
A) It was a mere piece of decoration.
B) It was the work of a famous artist.
C) It was designed to let out extra smoke.
D) It was easily identifiable from afar.
54. What might have led to the tragic end of the Titanic and the Britannic?（A）
A) Their unscientific designs.
B) Their captains’ misjudgment.
C) The assumption that they were built with the latest technology.
D) The belied that they could never sink with a double-layer body.
55. What happened to the ship Olympic in the end?（D）
A) She was used to carry troops.
B) She was sunk in World War I.
C) She was converted into a hospital ship.
D) She was retired after her naval service.
Part IV Translation（30 minutes）
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer sheet 2.
公交车曾是中国人出行的主要交通工具。近年来，由于私家车数量不断增多，城市的交通问题越来越严重。许多城市为了鼓励更多人乘公交车出行，一直在努力改善公交车的服务质量。车辆的设施不断更新，车速也有了显着提高。然而，公交车的票价却依然相当低廉。现在，在大多数城市，许多当地老年市民都可以免费乘坐公交车。
【译文】Buses used to be the main means of transportation for Chinese people. In recent years, due to the increasing number of private cars, traffic problems in cities have become increasingly severe. In order to encourage more people to travel by bus, many cities have been trying to improve the quality of bus service. The facilities of buses are constantly being updated, and the speed has also been increased significantly, while bus fares are still quite low. Nowadays, in most cities, many local elderly citizens can take buses for free.
【解析】
① 公交车曾是中国人出行的主要交通工具。
第一句句式为简单的主系表，“曾是”用used to be表示。词汇方面注意主语“公交车”为可数名词需要用复数形式buses，“交通工具”用vehicle/means of transportation/transportation tool均可。
Buses used to be the main means of transportation for Chinese people.
② 近年来，由于私家车数量不断增多，城市的交通问题越来越严重。
第二句句式也为主系表，使用“become”比be动词更能体现出变化。词汇方面“私家车”用private cars即可，“越来越”可用副词increasingly表示。
In recent years, due to the increasing number of private cars, traffic problems in cities have become increasingly severe.
③ 许多城市为了鼓励更多人乘公交车出行，一直在努力改善公交车的服务质量。
第三句中两个动词，第一个动词前有“为了”自然使用动词不定式表示目的，可用短语“in order to”引导放在句首，第二个动词为主句谓语动词，主谓宾结构，注意“一直”需要翻译成现在完成进行时。
In order to encourage more people to travel by bus, many cities have been trying to improve the quality of bus service.
④ 车辆的设施不断更新，车速也有了显着提高。
⑤ 然而，公交车的票价却依然相当低廉。
第四句主语为“设施”，动词为“更新“，设施不能自己“更新”，所以需要使用被动句，后半个分句同理，做并列句处理即可，注意“不断”需要翻译成进行时，“有了”处理成现在完成时。词汇方面副词“显着”如果不会，译成“greatly”也无妨。第五句“然而”转折对比，可直接用连词while跟前句连接合成一句形成长句，票价“是”低廉的，用主系表结构表示。
The facilities of buses are constantly being updated, and the speed has also been increased significantly, while bus fares are still quite low.
⑥ 现在，在大多数城市，许多当地老年市民都可以免费乘坐公交车。
第六句为主谓宾结构，“老年市民”用senior citizens/elderly citizens均可，注意尽量不要使用old people。
Nowadays, in most cities, many local elderly citizens can take buses for free.
